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REGULATORY MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DIGITAL GOVERNMENT: BETWEEN SOFT LAW, ETHICS, AND THE NEED FOR BINDING LAW IN INDONESIA

Authors

  • Muhammad Suhardi Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69916/jkbti.v5i1.460

Keywords:

artificial intelligence regulation, binding law, digital government, soft law, AI ethics

Abstract

This study examines the regulatory model of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Indonesia’s digital government, focusing on the relationship between ethical guidelines, soft law, and the need for binding legal regulation. The objective is to analyze the legal limitations of Indonesia’s AI Ethics Circular Letter and to formulate a stronger regulatory framework for AI use in public administration. This research employs a qualitative legal method with normative-juridical, conceptual, and regulatory-comparative approaches. Data were collected through documentary study of Indonesian legal instruments, including the AI Ethics Circular Letter, the Personal Data Protection Law, and the Electronic-Based Government System framework, supported by scholarly literature on AI regulation, soft law, public-sector AI governance, and administrative accountability. The findings show that Indonesia’s current AI governance remains at an early and transitional stage. The AI Ethics Circular Letter provides an important ethical foundation, but it lacks binding obligations, risk classification, mandatory audit mechanisms, institutional liability, sanctions, and remedies for citizens affected by AI systems. This study proposes a hybrid regulatory model that combines ethical principles with binding legal rules, public-sector-specific obligations, sectoral standards, institutional supervision, and accessible remedies. The study contributes to the development of rights-based and accountability-oriented AI governance in Indonesia’s digital government.

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References

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Published

2026-01-20

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How to Cite

[1]
Muhammad Suhardi, “REGULATORY MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DIGITAL GOVERNMENT: BETWEEN SOFT LAW, ETHICS, AND THE NEED FOR BINDING LAW IN INDONESIA”, JKBTI, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 85–92, Jan. 2026.

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): January 2026

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Suhardi

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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