Publication Ethics

JOURNAL POLICIES

Publication Ethics

Ethical principles and responsibilities for authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher of IURIS NOTITIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum.

IURIS NOTITIA: JURNAL ILMU HUKUM is an online peer-reviewed scientific journal managed by CV. Ninety Media Publisher. The journal publishes scholarly work in legal studies and is committed to integrity, fairness, transparency, confidentiality, and accountability throughout the editorial and publication process.

This policy describes the responsibilities of authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher, as well as the procedures for addressing ethical concerns and maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record.

Integrity

Accurate reporting, originality, responsible authorship, and protection of the scholarly record.

Fairness

Impartial editorial decisions, objective peer review, and fair handling of appeals and complaints.

Transparency

Clear disclosure of authorship, funding, competing interests, research ethics, and relevant data availability.

Accountability

Appropriate investigation of concerns and correction of the published record when necessary.

1. Editorial Independence and Publisher Responsibilities

Editorial independence. Editorial decisions are based on the manuscript’s scholarly merit, relevance to the journal’s focus and scope, originality, methodological soundness, clarity, and compliance with ethical requirements. Decisions must not be influenced by commercial interests, advertising, sponsorship, personal relationships, or pressure from the publisher or other parties.

Publisher responsibilities. CV. Ninety Media Publisher supports the journal’s publication infrastructure and editorial processes. The publisher must not interfere with independent editorial decisions and should support appropriate action when ethical concerns arise.

2. Editorial Responsibilities

Fair and impartial assessment. Editors evaluate manuscripts on their academic content without discrimination based on authors’ race, ethnicity, sex, gender, religion, nationality, institutional affiliation, political views, or other irrelevant personal characteristics.

Confidentiality. Editors and editorial staff must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and related communications. Information must be shared only with people involved in the editorial process or where disclosure is required for a legitimate ethical investigation.

Publication decisions. Editors make decisions using reviewer reports, the journal’s editorial policies, and their own scholarly judgment. A positive review does not guarantee acceptance, and a negative review does not automatically determine rejection.

Complaints and appeals. Authors may submit a reasoned appeal or complaint to the editorial office if they believe that a decision involved a significant factual error, procedural irregularity, or unfair treatment. Appeals should identify the concern and provide supporting information. The journal will review the matter impartially; where appropriate, a different editor may be asked to assess it. An appeal does not guarantee a change of decision.

Conflicts of interest. Editors must disclose relevant competing interests and recuse themselves from handling a manuscript when a conflict could compromise, or reasonably appear to compromise, impartial judgment. The manuscript will be reassigned to an appropriate editor.

3. Peer Review Policy

Review process. Submissions that pass the initial editorial screening are evaluated through peer review by qualified reviewers. The journal’s current review model and workflow should be stated in its Peer Review Policy. Reviewers are selected based on relevant expertise and, where practicable, independence from the authors.

Reviewer conduct. Reviewers should provide timely, evidence-based, constructive, and respectful assessments. They should identify relevant work that has not been cited, flag possible plagiarism or substantial overlap, and alert the editor to concerns about research integrity.

Confidentiality and use of material. Reviewers must treat manuscripts as confidential documents. They must not share, reproduce, use, or exploit unpublished material or ideas for personal advantage without appropriate authorization.

Conflicts of interest. Reviewers must inform the editor of any actual or potential competing interest and decline the assignment when impartiality may be affected.

Review integrity. Attempts to manipulate peer review, including fabricated reviewer identities, false institutional accounts, coercive citation requests, or undisclosed interference, may result in rejection or further investigation.

4. Author Responsibilities and Authorship

Originality and proper citation. Authors must submit original work, accurately acknowledge sources, and cite quotations, ideas, data, methods, and other material taken from previous work. Plagiarism, self-plagiarism that misrepresents substantial reuse, fabrication, falsification, and other forms of research misconduct are unacceptable.

Authorship and contributorship. Authorship should be limited to individuals who made substantial intellectual contributions to the work, participated in drafting or critically revising it, approved the final version, and accept accountability for their contributions. All authors should approve the submitted manuscript and the author list. Contributions that do not qualify for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately.

Duplicate and simultaneous submission. A manuscript must not be under consideration by another journal at the same time. Substantial duplicate publication or redundant presentation of the same findings without transparent disclosure and appropriate justification is not acceptable. Related manuscripts and prior dissemination must be disclosed to the editor.

Accuracy and reproducibility. Authors must report methods, results, and limitations accurately and must not fabricate, falsify, selectively misrepresent, or manipulate evidence. Data, materials, code, and analytical procedures should be retained and made available when reasonably appropriate, subject to privacy, confidentiality, legal, and ethical restrictions.

Funding and competing interests. Authors must disclose relevant financial and non-financial competing interests and identify funding sources and the role of funders, where applicable.

Corrections after publication. If authors discover a material error in a published article, they must promptly notify the editor and cooperate in issuing a correction, expression of concern, or retraction as appropriate.

5. Research Ethics and Ethical Oversight

Human participants and personal data. Research involving human participants, identifiable personal data, sensitive information, or vulnerable groups must comply with applicable laws and recognized ethical standards. Authors must provide ethics committee approval or an explanation of why approval was not required, where applicable, and confirm that informed consent and consent for publication were obtained when required.

Animal research. Research involving animals must comply with applicable laws and recognized standards for animal welfare. Authors should report relevant approval and safeguards where applicable.

Legal and documentary research. Doctrinal, case-law, archival, interview-based, and other legal research must accurately represent sources and respect confidentiality, access restrictions, privacy, and applicable legal obligations.

Ethics concerns. The journal may request supporting documents or clarification when ethical compliance is uncertain. Failure to provide adequate information may lead to rejection, publication delay, or post-publication action.

6. Data Availability and Research Transparency

Data statements. Authors should include a data availability statement when relevant, explaining whether supporting data or materials are available and how they may be accessed. Restrictions based on privacy, confidentiality, consent, security, intellectual property, or law should be explained.

Research transparency. Methods and sources should be described in sufficient detail to permit critical assessment. Authors are encouraged to follow reporting standards appropriate to their research design and discipline.

Data integrity. The journal may request reasonable clarification or supporting evidence when the validity, provenance, or integrity of data is questioned. Any investigation should be conducted fairly and with due regard for confidentiality.

7. Plagiarism, Misconduct, and Investigation

Types of misconduct. Concerns may include plagiarism, fabrication or falsification of data, duplicate publication, undisclosed conflicts of interest, inappropriate authorship, image or evidence manipulation, citation manipulation, unethical research, peer-review manipulation, and other practices that undermine research integrity.

Screening and assessment. Manuscripts may be screened for similarity and assessed for other integrity concerns. Similarity scores are not, by themselves, proof of plagiarism; editors consider the nature, context, attribution, and extent of overlap.

Handling allegations. The journal will assess allegations seriously, fairly, and confidentially. Where appropriate, the editor may request an explanation or supporting evidence from the authors and may contact relevant institutions or other responsible bodies. The journal will avoid premature conclusions and will take action proportionate to the evidence.

Possible outcomes. Depending on the findings and stage of publication, outcomes may include requests for clarification or revision, rejection, correction, an expression of concern, retraction, or referral to an appropriate institution. The journal may decline to proceed when serious concerns cannot be resolved.

8. Artificial Intelligence and Automated Tools

Permitted assistance and disclosure. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, legality, and integrity of submitted work. If generative artificial intelligence or other automated tools are used in ways that materially contribute to manuscript content, analysis, translation, images, or research outputs, authors should disclose the tool and its role in accordance with the journal’s author instructions and applicable standards.

Authorship and accountability. AI tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot take responsibility for the work. Authors must verify generated material, citations, quotations, legal authorities, data, and interpretations; fabricated references or unverified legal claims are unacceptable.

Confidentiality. Editors and reviewers must not upload confidential manuscripts or identifying information to external AI systems when doing so would breach confidentiality, privacy, institutional rules, or applicable agreements.

9. Intellectual Property, Copyright, and Permissions

Rights and permissions. Authors must ensure they have the right to submit and publish the manuscript and must obtain permission for third-party material when required. Sources and rights holders must be acknowledged appropriately.

Copyright and licensing. Copyright ownership, publication licenses, and any reuse conditions are governed by the journal’s separately stated copyright and licensing policy. Authors and readers should consult that policy for the applicable terms.

Misappropriation. Allegations involving plagiarism, unauthorized use of material, or intellectual-property infringement will be assessed and may lead to correction, rejection, removal where legally justified, or other appropriate action.

10. Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions

Corrections. A correction may be issued when a limited error affects the accuracy or clarity of the published record but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions.

Expressions of concern. The journal may publish an expression of concern when credible questions about an article arise and an investigation is ongoing or the available evidence is inconclusive.

Retractions. Retraction may be considered when findings are unreliable because of major error or misconduct, when there is serious ethical breach, or when publication integrity has been substantially compromised. Retraction notices should clearly identify the affected article, explain the reason as appropriate, and remain linked to the original record.

Post-publication discussion. The journal welcomes substantive, evidence-based comments about published work. Authors may be invited to respond, and the journal may publish a correction or other notice when warranted.

11. Complaints, Misconduct Reports, and Contact

How to raise a concern. Authors, reviewers, readers, institutions, and other stakeholders may submit a complaint or report a suspected ethical problem to the journal through its official editorial contact channels. The report should include the article details, a clear description of the concern, and supporting evidence where available.

Fair handling. Complaints will be considered objectively and confidentially to the extent possible. Individuals involved will be given a reasonable opportunity to respond where appropriate. The journal will not tolerate retaliation against people who raise concerns in good faith.

Escalation. Where a concern cannot be resolved internally, or where institutional investigation is necessary, the journal may refer the matter to the relevant institution, publisher, or appropriate ethics body.

12. Ethical Framework and Guidance

Standards informing this policy. This policy is informed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices and the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing developed by COPE, DOAJ, OASPA, and WAME. The journal also considers applicable Indonesian laws and regulations. These references guide policy development; they do not imply endorsement, membership, certification, or indexing by any organization.

Policy application. The journal applies these principles proportionately to the type of manuscript and the circumstances of each case. This statement should be read together with the journal’s separate policies on peer review, authorship, copyright and licensing, fees, and submission requirements.

Research Integrity

Commitment to Ethical Publishing

For submissions, editorial questions, appeals, or ethical concerns, please use the journal’s official editorial channels. Manuscripts should comply with this policy and the journal’s author guidelines.

Submission Guidelines COPE Core Practices