Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Korban Kejahatan Siber di Indonesia: Tantangan dan Prospek Penegakan Hukum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69916/iuris.v4i2.632Keywords:
Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Siber, Hukum Siber Indonesia, Pemulihan Hak Korban, Restitusi Dan Kompensasi, Model Perlindungan TerintegrasiAbstract
Peningkatan tindak pidana siber di Indonesia belum diimbangi perlindungan hukum yang efektif bagi korban. Penelitian ini menganalisis arsitektur normatif perlindungan korban kejahatan siber, mengidentifikasi hambatan penegakannya, dan merumuskan model penguatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan dimensi yuridis empiris melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum primer meliputi Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik beserta dua perubahannya, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana 2023, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana 2025, serta rezim perlindungan saksi dan korban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan arsitektur normatif tampak lengkap tetapi terputus pada rantai pemulihan: undang-undang siber berwatak pengendalian konten dan pemidanaan pelaku, hak subjek data sukar ditagih karena otoritas pengawas belum berdiri, sedangkan restitusi digantungkan pada pemidanaan pelaku. Hambatan tersebar pada tiga lapisan sistem hukum, yaitu substansi yang kabur dan berkekosongan, struktur yang terbatas kapasitas forensik dan koordinasinya, serta budaya hukum yang ditandai pelaporan rendah dan praktik menyalahkan korban. Penelitian ini menawarkan model perlindungan hukum terintegrasi yang bertumpu pada empat pilar aktor dan tiga fase perlindungan, dengan kebaruan berupa penempatan penyedia layanan digital dan keuangan sebagai pemikul kewajiban kehati-hatian yang dapat dituntut pengguna.
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