The Restitution in Juvenile Criminal Justice: Functionalization of Criminal Law, Challenges, and Prospects
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69916/iuris.v4i2.658Keywords:
Functionalization of Criminal Law, Restitution, Sexual Violence, Juvenile Justice, Victim-Oriented Criminal JusticeAbstract
The functionalization of criminal law in providing restitution to female victims of sexual violence is critical to strengthening a victim-oriented criminal justice system, following the enactment of Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes, Law Number 1 of 2023 on the Indonesian Criminal Code, and Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code. Although the legal framework recognizes restitution, its implementation remains inconsistent. This study aims to analyze the challenges and prospects of functionalizing criminal law in providing restitution to female victims of sexual violence through court decisions. Employing a normative juridical approach, this research examines three final court decisions, complemented by institutional annual reports and media sources. Data are analyzed descriptively and comparatively. The findings reveal variations in the imposition of substitute imprisonment, the absence of explicit asset confiscation and auction orders, and reliance on voluntary compliance by offenders or their families. This issue is particularly significant in the Juvenile Criminal Justice System when the offender is a child lacking independent economic capacity, causing restitution to depend on parents or other third parties. The study concludes that the new regulatory framework under the new Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code provides prospects for improving restitution enforcement. However, effective functionalization requires implementing guidelines, consistent substitute sanctions, systematic asset enforcement, clear standards for third-party payment, and stronger institutional coordination to ensure that restitution becomes an enforceable and substantive form of victim recovery. This requires clear standards.
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